Progressively, the dysplastic nodules transform into ultimately a hepatocellular carcinoma. including evading the body’s immune system, having an exclusive vascular supply to grow unchecked, and essentially becoming immortal cancer cells.
These are called dysplastic nodules and they are pre-cancerous.Īdditional damage and prolonged inflammation will provide these abnormal cells with proliferative, invasive, and survival advantages. These mutations interfere with the normal cell cycle (such as the growth and division of cells) and the cells instead of regenerating properly, will accumulate together to form nodules. If left untreated, this scarring will continue to a severely scarred state of the liver, and we call that a cirrhosis.Ĭirrhotic livers are more prone to accumulate DNA mutations. This is what we typically call a scarring of the liver, or fibrosis. It will make the liver more and more stiffer, and all the collagen will replace the healthy cells. This repair process involves production of collagen which are fibers that stiffen the cells.Ĭhronic liver disease leads to persistent activation of this repair process. When a liver gets damaged, the liver tries to regenerate and replace the damaged cells. The pathogenesis of a liver disease becoming an HCC is a complex multi-step process. They include viral hepatitis, such as hep B, hep C alcohol disease, fatty liver disease, and now increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes which amplify the risk of liver diseases and therefore increases the risk of development of a cancer. There are many factors that can contribute, including genetic predisposition, family history, environmental exposure, and age and many others, but the underlying theme is that an HCC typically arises from an already damaged liver. Majority of the HCC occurs in patients with underlying liver disease. There are actually different types of liver cancers, but today I will mainly focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (or HCC), which is a primary cancer arising from the cells of the liver and it accounts for 90% of liver cancer. In fact, the death rate in the US has increased by more than 40% within the last two decades. While therapies and survival rate for other types of cancer has dramatically improved over the past decades, prognosis of liver cancer remains unfavorable and deadly. Liver cancers are 4th most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and it is the 2nd most lethal cancer. Posters are reviewed by a formal panel of judges comprised of Medical Advisory Council members, Board Members and friends of ALF to select a winner in each category. Participants are tasked with translating complicated medical information into a poster which can be easily understood by patients or the public. This competition showcases posters and a brief video created by early career investigators from across the country on six areas of educational focus: fatty liver disease, liver cancer, liver transplantation, pediatric liver disease, rare liver disease and viral hepatitis. Fast stats: Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.This presentation is an excerpt from the ALF 2021 Poster Competition. Liver failure.Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Changes in the global burden of chronic liver diseases from 2012 to 2017: the growing impact of NAFLD. Paik JM, Golabi P, Younossi Y, Mishra A, Younossi ZM. Liver function tests for chronic liver disease. Some liver problems are acute and go away on their own, while others become chronic and can lead to serious complications.
Five reasons you may be at risk for liver disease. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The progression of liver disease.Ĭincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Cirrhosis and its complications: evidence based treatment. Liver cancer risk factors.Īmerican Cancer Society. Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements. Navarro VJ, Khan I, Björnsson E, Seeff LB, Serrano J, Hoofnagle JH.
An update on laboratory diagnosis of liver inherited diseases. Zarrilli F, Elce A, Scorza M, Giordano S, Amato F, Castaldo G. New scoring classification for primary biliary cholangitis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome. Zhang W, De D, Mohammed KA, Munigala S, Chen G, Lai JP, Bacon BR.
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